1, end consumption: including the sublimation of graphite material caused by high arc temperature and the loss of chemical reaction between the electric extreme part and molten steel and slag. The sublimation rate at high temperature at the end mainly depends on the current density through the electrode, and then on the diameter of the electrode side after oxidation, and the end consumption is also related to whether the electrode is inserted into the molten steel.
2, side oxidation: the chemical composition of the electrode is carbon, carbon and air, water vapor, carbon dioxide will oxidize under certain conditions, and the oxidation amount of the electrode side is related to the unit oxidation rate and exposure area. Under normal circumstances, the electrode side oxidation amount should account for about 50% of the total electrode consumption. In recent years, in order to improve the smelting speed of electric furnace, the frequency of oxygen blowing operation has been increased, resulting in increased oxidation loss of electrodes. In the process of steelmaking, often observing the redness of the electrode trunk and the taper of the lower end is an intuitive way to measure the oxidation resistance of the electrode.

3, stump loss: When the electrode is continuously used to the connection of the upper and lower electrodes, a small section of the electrode or joint (that is, the residue) is separated due to the oxidation of the body or the penetration of the crack. The loss of the stump is related to the shape of the joint, the internal structure of the electrode, the vibration and impact of the electrode column.
4, surface spalling and falling: in the smelting process of acute cooling, the electrode itself is the result of poor thermal vibration resistance.
5, electrode break: including the electrode torso break and joint break. Electrode breakage is related to the quality and processing of graphite electrodes and joints, and is also related to steelmaking operations, and the causes are often the focus of disputes between steel mills and electrode manufacturers